Report on Evergreens From the States

Due to the different climatic conditions which prevail throughout the country, practical questions such as when to plant evergreens, when to prune, and whether or not to mulch them, necessarily vary widely. There­fore, as a general guide to readers in the different states, a questionnaire was sent to authoritative sources in each state (with the exception of Hawaii) and to parts of Canada. A few evergreens best adapted to the dif­ferent climatic conditions are also given.

Apart from the generous contribution and the valuable guide these re­ports have supplied, a wonderful spirit of co-operation has been shown throughout the United States and the parts of Canada that were approached.

For synonymy on horticultural nomenclature, "Standardized Plant Names," Second Edition, has been used for the botanical names given in this book. In cases where these names have not been given in the reports, they have been inserted in parentheses by the author. Otherwise the infor­mation supplied in each questionnaire has been copied from the replies re­ceived from each state.

ALABAMA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Best season for balled stock is from late October until early April. Container-grown stock can be planted during practically any sea­son but could be planted with the least after-care for success during the above period, also.

2. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ ITY? Varies depending on the season of flowering or fruiting. Most winter flower­ing broadleaves are pruned immediately after flowering or partially during flower­ing if flowers are cut for use. Best general time is just before last flush of growth in summer to allow coverage of cuts by new growth.

3. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Generally best to do final prun­ing just before last flush of growth in summer to allow coverage of cuts.

4. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Yes. Most of our soils com­pact if not mulched and many of our soils become too warm during the summer for best root growth if not mulched. Generally not necessary to mulch for cold protection.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Usually use a year-round mulch with new material added each spring or early summer.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY?
Abelia grandiflora, Glossy Abelia Aucuba japonica, Japanese Aucuba Berberis candidula, Paleleaf Barberry chenaulti, Chenault Barberry

gagnepaini, Black Barberry julianae, Wintergreen Barberry sargentiana, Sargent Barberry triacanthophora, Threespine Barberry Buxus microphylla, Littleleaf Box sempervirens, Box Camellia japonica, Common Camellia sasanqua, Sasanqua Camellia sinensis bohea, Bohea Tea Cedrus atlantica, Atlas Cedar deodara, Deodar Cedar libani, Cedar-of-Lebanon Cleyera japonica, Japan Cleyera Cunninghamia lanceolata, Common Chinafìr Cupressus arizonica, Arizona Cypress Elaeagnus pungens, Thorny Elaeagnus Eriobotrya japonica, Loquat Euonymus fortunei, various kinds kiautschovicus (patens) Feijoa sellowiana, Feijoa Gardenia jasminoides fortuniana, Fortunes Capejasmine latifolia, Boxwood Gardenia Gelsemium sempervirens, Carolinajessamine Hedera helix, English Ivy Ilex aquipernyi cassine, Dahoon cassine angustifolia, Alabama Dahoon cornuta, Chinese Holly burfordi, Burford Chinese Holly rotunda crenata, Japanese Holly—various kinds glabra, Inkberry latifolia, Luster leaf Holly myrtifolia, Myrtle Dahoon opaca, American Holly pedunculosa, Longstalk Holly pernyi, Perny Holly vomitoria, Yaupon Illicium anisatum, Japanese Anisetree floridanum, Florida Anisetree Jasminum floridum, Showy Jasmine mesnyi, Primrose Jasmine Juniperus, Juniper—various kinds Kalmia latifolia, Mountainlaurel Kalmia Leucothoe axillaris, Coast Leucothoe catesbaei, Drooping Leucothoe Ligustrum, Privet—various kinds Lyonia lucida, Fetterbush Lyonia Magnolia grandiflora, Southern Magnolia virginiana, Sweetbay Magnolia Mahonia bealei, Leatherleaf Mahonia pinnata, Cluster Mahonia Michelia fuscata, Bananashrub Mondo japonicum, Dwarf Lily turf Myrica cerifera, Southern Waxmyrtle heterophylla pensylvanica, Northern Bayberry Nandina domestica, Nandina Nerium oleander, Common Oleander Osmanthus americanus, Devilwood Osman¯ thus, and various kinds Persea borbonia, Redbay Persea Photinia glabra, Japanese Photinia serrulata, Chinese Photinia rotundifolia, Roundleaf Chinese Pho­tinia Pinus, Pine—various kinds Pittosporum tobira, Tobira Pittosporum Podocarpus macrophyllus, Yew Podocarpus maki, Shrubby Yew Podocarpus Prunus caroliniana, Carolina Laurelcherry laurocerasus, Common Laurelcherry lusitanica, Portuguese Laurelcherry Pyracantha crenato-serrata, Chinese (Yunnan) Firethorn koidzumi, Formosa Firethorn Raphiolepis indica, India Raphiolepis rosea, Pink India Raphiolepis umbellata, Yeddo Raphiolepis Rhododendron—various kinds Symplocos tinctoria, Common Sweetleaf Thuja occidentalis, Arborvitae—several kinds Thuja orientalis, Arborvitae—several kinds Viburnum tinus, Laurestinus Viburnum Vinca major, Bigleaf Periwinkle minor. Common Periwinkle Yucca aloifolia, Aloe Yucca filamentosa, Adamsneedle Yucca* signed: Henry P. Orr, Associate Profes­sor of Horticulture name of organization: Department of Horticulture, Alabama Polytechnic Insti­tute, Auburn, Ala. * For fuller plant lists, see "Evergreen Vines, Shrubs and Small Trees," by Henry P. Orr, and "HF 222 Trees (Deciduous and Evergreen)," compiled by E. W. McElwee, Revised (1953), by James J. Franklin.

ALASKA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? In spring only.

Arizona

1. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? We have no broad-leaved evergreensother than a few prostrate to semi-prostrate wild shrubs.

2.WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? In spring of the year, if neces­sary at all.

3.DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Mulching is seldom, or never practiced.

4.DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUNDMULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? See above.

5. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY?
Juniperus communis depressa (Common Jun­iper)—(Oldfield Common Juniper) horizontalis (Creeping Juniper) Picea abies (Norway Spruce) engelmanni (Engelmann Spruce) glauca (White Spruce) glauca var. albertiana (Western White Spruce)—(Alberta White Spruce) mariana (Black Spruce) pungens (Blue Spruce)—(Colorado Spruce) sitchensis (Sitka Spruce) Taxus brevifolia (Pacific Yew) Thuja plicata (Western Redcedar)—(Giant Thuja) Tsuga heterophylla (Western Hemlock) mertensiana (Mountain Hemlock) signed: M. F. Babb, Senior Horticulturist name of organization: Alaska Agricul­tural Experiment Station, Palmer, Alaska

 ARIZONA

 1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Southern Arizona—Plants grown in cans —all year round. Northern Arizona— Plants B & B March to June and Sep­tember.

2. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Southern Arizona—December to February. Northern Arizona—March-May.

3. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Same as above. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Yes. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round mulch.

4. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Abies concolor, Silver Fir (White Fir)— (Northern Arizona) Arbutus unedo, Strawberry Tree (Madrone) Buxus, Box Carissa grandiflora, Natalplum Carissa Cedrus atlantica, Atlas Cedar deodar a, Cedar Deodar (Northern Ari­zona) Ceratonia siliqua, Carob (Southern Arizona) Citrus aurantum, Sour Orange Cocculus laurifolius, Cocculus Cotoneaster pannosa, Cotoneaster parneyi (C. glaucophylla serotina) Cupressus arizonica, Arizona Cypress macrocarpa, Monterey Cypress sempervirens, Italian Cypress Eriobotrya japonica, Loquat (Southern Ari­zona) Eucalyptus polyanthemos, Redbox Eucalyptus (Southern Arizona) rostrata (camaldulensis, multiflora), Long-beak Eucalyptus (Southern Arizona) Euonymus japonicus, Euonymus radicans (E. fortunei radicans) Feijoa sellowiana, Feijoa Genista hispanica, Spanish Broom (Spanish Woad waxen) nana, Spanish Broom Grevillea robusta, Silkoak (Southern Arizona) Hakea suaveolens, Hakea Jasminum revolutum (J. humile revolutum), Italian Jasmine Juniperus, Juniper—various kinds Leucophyllum texanum, Texas Ranger Ligustrum japonicum, Japanese Privet nepalense (indicum), India Privet sinensis, Chinese Privet Nandina domestica, Nandina Olea europaea, Common Olive (Southern Arizona) Palms, various kinds Parkinsonia aculeata, Paloverde Photinia arbutifolia, California Holly (Christ- masberry) serrulata, Chinese Photinia Picea excelsa (abies), Norway Spruce (North­ern Arizona) pungens, Colorado Spruce (Northern Arizona) glauca, Colorado Blue Spruce Pinus canariensis, Canary Pine halepensis, Aleppo Pine nigra austriaca, Austrian Pine (Northern Arizona) ponderosa, Western Yellow Pine Pittosporum tobira, Pittosporum Prosopis chilensis, Mesquite (Southern Arizona) Pseudotsuga douglasi, Douglas Fir (Northern Arizona) Pyracantha formosana (Koidzumi), Formosa Pyracantha lalandi (P. coccinea lalandi), Laland Pyracantha yunnanensis (crenato-serrata), Pyracantha Rhus lancea, South African Sumac (South­ern Arizona) Rosmarinus officinalis, Rosemary Santolina, Lavendercotton Schinus molle, California Peppertree (South­ern Arizona) Stranvaesia davidiana, Chinese Stranvaesia Tamarix articulata (aphylla), Athel Tree (Southern Arizona) Thuja orientalis, Arborvitae—various kinds Viburnum suspensum, Sandankwa Viburnum tinus, Laurestinus* signed: H. F. Tate, Extension Horticul­turist name of organization: University of Arizona * For fuller lists of plants see "Ornamental Trees for Southern Arizona," "Ornamental Trees for Northern Arizona," and "Some Hardy and Deciduous Shrubs," by Harvey F. Tate, Agricultural Extension Service, Tucson, Ariz.

ARKANSAS

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? December-January-February. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Just before growth starts in spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Just before growth starts in spring. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? YeS. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round.

2. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Abelia grandiflora Camellia sasanqua Ilex bullata (I. crenata convexa) burfordi (I. cornuta burfordi) helleri (I. crenata helleri) opaca rotundifolia Juniper burki (J. virginiana burki) canaerti pfitzer Waukegan (J. horizßntalis douglasi) Magnolia grandiflora Nandina (Biotas do well but we do not use them)* signed: J. K. Ball, Extension Horticul­turist name of organization: Arkansas Agricul­tural Extension Service, Little Rock, Ark. * For fuller list of plants see Misc. Publication No. 37—"Planting Materials," by L. H. Burton, Extension Horticulturist.

CALIFORNIA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Most evergreens are planted in the spring, in March or April. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Pruning should usually be completed in March and April. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Same as above.

2. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? As a rule our cultivated evergreens are not mulched, although they may be allowed to drop their leaves and needles, which in time form a mulch. I do not believe it is necessary to mulch ever­greens under our conditions. signed: H. M. Butterfield, Agriculturist Emeritus name of organization: Agricultural Ex­tension Service, University of California, Berkeley 4, Calif. A few evergreens recommended for California: Abies concolor, White Fir Acacia decurrens var. dealbata Arbutus menziesi, Madrone Arctostaphylos stanfordiana, Stanford Man-zanita Ceanothus Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Port Orford White Cedar Grevillea robusta, Silkoak Magnolia grandiflora, Southern Magnolia Myrica californica, Pacific Waxmyrtle Olea europaea, Common Olive Parkinsonia aculeata, Parkinsonia, Jerusalem-thorn Pinus radiata, Monterey Pine—and various species Pittosporum undulatum, Orangeberry Pit-tosporum Prunus ilicifolia, Hollyleaf Cherry Schinus molle, California Pepper Umbellularia californica, California laurel* * For fuller plant list consult Agricultural Ex­tension Service, Berkeley 4, Calif.

COLORADO

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? We feel that spring is the best season of the year to plant evergreens in Colorado. Some people, however, have best success in planting them in the fall. Due to the fact our winters are extremely dry, we feel trees receive better care and better op­portunity of survival if planted in the spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? The best time to prune broad-leaved evergreens in our locality is in the spring or possibly the winter. We have so few species in this category and none of any consequence, we haven't given it much consideration. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? The best time to prune other evergreens is in the spring of the year.

2. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Under some conditions, mulching evergreens in our state is advan­tageous. This is dependent entirely upon the locality. In the non-irrigated areas, mulching is of some value as long as it is sufficient to exclude other type of plant growth. Complete elimination of all other types of plant growth is necessary for suc­cessful planting. The elimination of these plants reduces the competition for moisture.

3. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND mulch or only a summer mulch? Norm­ally, we do not attempt to maintain a year-round mulch. 6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? There is enclosed a publication titled "Windbreaks for the Farm and Ranch" which lists the evergreens recom­mended for farm planting in Colorado. This does not include all of the ornamen­tals; however, these are the evergreens with which we are most familiar and those that have been found to be most hardy and best adapted to the difficult growing conditions here. The following evergreens have been taken from the above named publication: Colorado Blue Spruce Douglas Fir (should not be planted below 6000 feet elevation) Eastern Red Cedar and other Cedars Ponderosa Pine and other Pines Rocky Mountain Juniper* signed: C. L. Terrell name of organization: Colorado Exten­sion Service * For fuller plant list see "Tree Windbreaks for the Farm and Ranch," Colorado State Forest Service, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo.

CONNECTICUT

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR planting evergreens in your state? Pref­erable time for planting evergreens would be April. Second choice, September. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Following flowering. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Spring or Fall.

2. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Suggest mulching ericace-ous shrubs with leaves.

3. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Suggest a year-round mulch for broad leaf ever­greens. 6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? Most evergreens do well in southern Connecticut. Exceptions would include Box, which requires sheltered situ­ations and is subject to leaf miner damage. Leucothoe subject to frost damage in cold winters. signed: Richard H. Goodwin, Director name of organization: Connecticut Arboretum at Connecticut College, New London, Conn.

DELAWARE

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Fall or early spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Early spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Early spring and June after first flush of growth. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Yes. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round.

2. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? Quote from Mr. Stevens' letter: "It might be well to note that this list is far from complete and there are many others equally desirable." Abelia grandiflora Arborvitae Atlas Cedar Aucuba Azalea—most varieties Boxwood Camellia japonica, only in sheltered positions sasanqua Canadian Hemlock Chamaecyparis Cherry Laurel Colorado Blue Spruce Cotoneaster Deodar Cedar Douglas Fir English Ivy Euonymus Evergreen Barberry Evergreen Privet—in sheltered positions Holly—American, Chinese, some English varieties, Japanese Juniper Kalmia latifolia Leucothoe Mahonia Mugho Pine Nandina Norway Spruce Osmanthus Pachysandra Pieris Rhododendron Sarcococca saligna Vinca Yews signed: Robert F. Stevens name of organization: University of Del­aware, Newark, Del.

FLORIDA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Since most landscape material used in Florida is broadleafed evergreens and grown in con­tainers, there is no limit on planting. Land­scape jobs are installed every day in the year in the Sunshine State.

WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Usually after blooming for broadleafed evergreens that are grown for blos­soms, after each flush otherwise, ending all pruning in August so as not to encourage late fall flushes of new growth.

WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? After each flush is elongated, or partly so, desisting in August.

DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Yes, indeed, I do.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round, and renew to conserve a depth of about six inches or so.

 6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Abelia grandiflora Acacia Achras zapota, Sapodilla Azalea Buxus, Box Camellia japonica Carissa grandiflora, Natalplum Carissa Cinnamomum camphora, Camphortree Cocculus laurifolius, Laurelleaf Snailseed Elaeagnus pungens, Thorny Elaeagnus Ervatamia coronaria, Grapejasmine Eugenia Feijoa sellowiana, Feijoa Gardenia jasminoides Ilex, Holly—various kinds Juniperus, Juniper—various kinds Ligustrum japonicum, Japanese Privet lucidum, Glossy Privet Myrica cerifera, Southern Waxmyrtle Nandina domestica Osmanthus fragrans, Sweet-Olive Palms—in variety Parkinsonia aculeata, Jerusalemthorn Pernettya mucronata, Chilean Pernettya Pinus, Pine—various kinds Pittosporum Podocarpus Prunus caroliniana, Carolina Laurelcherry laurocerasus, Common Laurelcherry Schinus molle, California Peppertree terbinthifolia, Brazil Peppertree Spathodea campanulata, Bell Flambeautree Swietenia mahogani, West Indies Mahogany Triphasia trifolia, Limeberry Viburnum odoratissimum, Sweet Viburnum

Yucca aloifolia, Aloe Yucca* signed: John V. Watkins, Landscape Con­sultant name of organization: University of Flor­ida, Gainesville, Fla. * For fuller lists of plants see "Landscape Plants for Florida Homes," "Your Florida Gar­den," "Flowering Shrubs for Florida Gardens," by John V. Watkins. For first named book apply to Department of Agriculture, Tallahassee, Fla.

GEORGIA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? We like Fall planting. The roots will grow through the Winter and by the next Fall will have a much finer root and top system than a plant planted in the Spring. In our business (wholesale growers of container stock) we plant and transplant (from pots to cans and from small cans to large cans) the year around, but this is simply due to the nature of our business. For home plant­ing we would recommend Fall. (Georgia concerned mainly with broad-leafed ever­greens.)

WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Again, remember we are wholsale growers. We do our main pruning and shaping just when the shrubs are starting growth in the Spring. By doing this at this time we can secure "breaks" lower down on the plant than can be secured later. We do light pruning and shaping all through
the growing season.

WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? We grow relatively few of these,but follow the same practice as above.

DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? For home planting we would definitely recommend mulching— mainly as a protection from the sun in the summer when we are normally dry.

2. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? We would suggest year-round mulch as it would have no harmful effects in the winter and might help in cold weather.

3. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY r Abelia sherwoodi, Dwarf Abelia Berberis julianae Camellia sasanqua (Apple Blossom) Cedrus deodara, Deodar Cedar Cley era japonic a (Ternstroemia gymnanthera) Cornus capitata, Evergreen Dogwood Cotoneaster—various kinds Elaeagnus pungens, Thorny Elaeagnus Eriobotrya japonica, Loquat Euonymus—various kinds Gardenia—various kinds Hedera helix, English Ivy Ilex cornuta, Chinese Holly burfordi, Burford Holly crenata, Japanese Holly—various kinds opaca, American Holly vomitoria, Yaupon Illicium anisatum, Anise Tree Laurus nobilis, Bay, Laurel Ligustrum lucidum, Glossy Privet Lonicera, Honeysuckle—various kinds Magnolia grandiflora, Southern Magnolia Myrica cerifera, Southern Waxmyrtle Nandina domestica Osmanthus—various kinds Pachysandra terminalis Parkinsonia aculeata, Jerusalem Thorn Tree Photinia glabra, Japanese Photinia Pinus, Pine—various kinds Pittosporum tobira Podocarpus Prunus caroliniana, Carolina Cherry Laurel Raphiolepis—various kinds Sarcococca ruscifolia, Fragrant Sarcococca Viburnum rhytidophyllum, Leatherleaf Vibur­num tinus, Laurestinus Viburnum* signed: Name withheld by request * For fuller list of plants consult local Agri­cultural Experiment Station.

IDAHO

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Very early spring (late March through mid-April) or after mid-July through November or early December, depending upon whether or not we have a "long" fall season.

WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Insufficient information since few typi­cal hollies, azaleas or rhododendrons are
grown, at least, in north Idaho.

WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Junipers and Yews—any time dur­ing growing season. Pines and Spruce—when new "candle" growth is about one-half to three-quarters grown. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Although evergreen mulch­ing is not a general practice in Idaho, it's felt that considerable benefit could be gained from a year-'round mulch of leaves or coarse salt hay or straw. We observe that accumulations of raked leaves placed around the bases of evergreens result in improved growth of most evergreens. Mulches should be no more than 3" or 4" in depth.

2. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? See above answer.

3. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Juniperus chinensis and all varieties sabina and all varieties scopulorum and all varieties utahensis (native in south Idaho) virginiana and all varieties Most prostrate forms such as Juniperus Andorras Bar Harbor japonica (J. chinensis japonica) procumbens Waukegan Nest Spruce and most others Picea engelmanni pungens glauca and all varieties Pinus banksiana monticola (Western White Pine) ponderosa sylvestris and various forms and strains umbraculifera (Tanyosho), (Umbrella Pine) Taxus species: All forms of Cuspidata or hy­brids with Japanese "blood." Taxus media Hicksi and others of media par­entage. Not baccata, so far as we know.

In warmer areas of state (Lewiston and Boise Valley) one should recognize that these areas noted are favorable for grow­ing many items considered too tender for higher areas. signed: William H. Snyder, Assistant Professor of Horticulture name of organization: University of Idaho Boise Valley:

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Spring, Summer, and Fall and as far into the winter as the ground is workable so the plants can be puddled in. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­
ITY? After blooming in the spring and be­fore new growth starts. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Before new growth starts in the spring usually in April. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Yes—mulching is good for all shrubs. During hot summers it prevents the ground from drying so fast and in the winter keeps the ground from freezing and thawing.

2. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round.

3. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Arborvitae—American and Oriental Firs, Balsam, Douglas, concolor Juniperuš chinensis varieties communis vars. sabina vars. scopulorum varieties virginiana varieties Pines—aristata, Austrian, Black, Japanese Pine, Mugho, Ponder osa, Red, Scotch, White Spruce—Alberta, Colorado, Engelmann, Norway, White, and all the dwarf vars. Yews—Most varieties do well here if they are protected from the winter sun. Plant on north or east side of build­ings or where larger trees will give some protection Broad Leaves: A be Ha Aucuba Barberry—buxifolia, julianae, verruculosa Boxwood—Requires north or east location Cotoneaster, francheti, microphylla glacialis (C. congesta), parneyi (C. glaucophylla sero-tina) Daphne—cneorum, Somerset English Ivy Euonymus—most all varieties Holly—American, Chinese, English in pro­tected places Japanese Spurge Leucothoe catesbaei Lonicera pileata Mahonia aqutfolium bealei Pier is floribunda japonica Pyracantha lalandi (P. coccinea lalandi) pauciflora (P. coccinea pauciflora) Rhododendron in protected places Skimmia Stranvaesia Viburnum—Burkwood, rhytidophyllum signed: Robert V. Gates, Manager name of organization: Petrie Landscape Nurseries, 1830 N. Cole Ave., Boise, Idaho

ILLINOIS

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? April 1 to May 15. Mid-September to Mid-October. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? The difficulty of growing broad-leaved evergreens in Illinois obviates the necessity of much pruning other than to remove dead or injured wood. Hardy boxwood and hollies may be pruned at any time although early spring (before growth starts) is recommended. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Either before new growth starts (early spring or late summer) or after it is nearly complete (late spring or late fall).

2. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Mulching is always bene­ficial in maintaining moisture and in checking weed growth.
3. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? A year- round mulch is advisable though many conifers in the Arboretum collection are not mulched at all.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Abies concolor, White Fir Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Bearberry Berberis chenaulti, Chenault Barberry julianae, Wintergreen Barberry triacanthophora, Threespine Barberry verruculosa, Warty Barberry Buxus microphylla, Littleleaf Boxwood koreana, Korean Littleleaf Boxwood— and other kinds Chamaecyparis pisifera, Sawara False Cypress Euonymus fortunei, Euonymus, and various kinds Hedera helix, English Ivy baltica, Baltic Ivy Ilex glabra, Inkberry opaca, American Holly Juniperus, Juniper, various kinds Kalmia latifolia, Mountain Laurel Leucothoe catesbaei, Drooping Leucothoe recurva, Redtwig Leucothoe Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon Holly-grape repens, Creeping Mahonia Pachistima canbyi, Canby Pachistima Pachysandra terminalis, Japanese Spurge Picea, Spruce, various kinds Pieris floribunda, Mountain Pieris japonica, Japanese Pieris Pinus, Pine, various kinds Pseudotsuga taxifolia, Douglas Fir Rhododendron, Rhododendron, various kinds Taxus, Yew—various kinds Thuja occidentalis, Eastern Arborvitae Tsuga canadensis, Canadian Hemlock Vinca minor, Myrtle or Periwinkle Yucca filamentosa, Adams Needle* signed: E. L. Kammerer name of organization: The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, 111. *See Morton Arboretum Bulletins—Dec. 1947 for conifers, June and July 1956 for broad-leaved evergreens and for fuller lists.

INDIANA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Fall and spring seasons, either are good, under Indiana conditions. Dormancy, soils, etc., are major factors to consider. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? During the growing season, for cor­rective pruning. For general shaping up during March—just before new growth initiates. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Same as #2.

4. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Any plant material thrives under mulching; accomplishing a more moist, cooler growing condition and per­mitting a better condition for soil oxygen.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? The summer mulch usually carries over, break­ing down, until the following spring when an addition should be made.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Hemlock Junipers Pine Spruce Taxus Thuya signed: W. E. Cunningham name of organization: Cunningham Gardens, Inc., Waldron, Ind. See Purdue University Extension Bulletin 320, "Ornamental Evergreens," Lafayette, Ind., for additional guidance in planting, care and selection of evergreens for Indiana. Other evergreens listed in above named Bulletin are: Abies concolor, White Fir veitchi, Veitch Fir Buxus sempervirens, Boxwood suffruticosa, True Dwarf Boxwood Chamaecyparis pisifera plumosa, Sawara false Cypress Daphne cneorum, Garland Flower Hedera helix, English Ivy Ilex glabra, Inkberry opaca, Christmas Holly

Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon Hollygrape Pachysandra terminalis, Japanese Spurge Pseudotsuga taxifolia, Douglas Fir Pyracantha coccinea, Scarlet Firethorn Rhododendron carolinianum, Carolina Rhodo­dendron catawbiense, Catawba Rhododendron Taxus media Browni, Brown's Yew hicksi, Hick's Yew Viburnum rhytidophyllum, Leatherleaf Vi­burnum Vinca minor, Creeping Myrtle Being tested for climatic conditions in Indiana: Abelia grandiflora, Glossy Abelia Ilex crenata convexa, Japanese Holly helleri hetzi rotundifolia

IOWA

At the suggestion of Dr. J. P. Mahlstede, the two questionnaires from Iowa have been combined.

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Spring—April 15-May 15 in northern Iowa. Spring and Mid-fall rest of state. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? No broad-leaved materials except Vinca minor, Euonymus fortunei, Hedera helix baltica, Euonymus kiautschovicus. These need sun protection in winter otherwise winterburn. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Depends on type—pines at candle time. Remainder just previous to new growth, late May usually. No severe pruning after July 15. Prune a little each year in order to prolong the useful life of the ornamental.

 4. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? It would help, especially when one is establishing a young planting; particularly a windbreak, for weed control, moisture control, and depth of freezing control.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round when possible—will depend some­what on the evergreen type, location and soil conditions.
6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Abies concolor holophylla lasiocarþa arizonica Chamaecyparis—none Juniperus chinensis in var. communis except Irish, Swedish horizontalis in var. procumbens sabina in var. except tamariscifolia scopulorum in var.—very subject to blight squamata var. meyeri virginalis in var. virginiana in var. Picea abies glauca pungens in var. Pinus banksiana bungeana cembra flexilis mugo nigra ponderosa resinosa strobus sylvestris Pseudotsuga taxifolia Taxus cuspidata media—hardiest varieties Thuya occidentalis—hardiest vars. orientalis—not dependable Tsuga canadensis—under favorable condi­tions—acid soil, partial shade, moist soil signed: J. P. Mahlstede, Horticulture Department; R. R. Rothacker, L. A. Department name of organization: Iowa State College

KANSAS

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? March to May best. September and October in Eastern Third of state.

2. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Rarely grown or pruned. Remove dead wood any time. Shear or shape in June.

3. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? March to May or Midsummer.

4. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Only when newly planted in fall. Mulch will eventually bring roots to surface.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND mulch or only a summer mulch? Summer mulch on new plantings.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? Note: Sections of the state where the following trees are recommended to be planted are indicated as follows: E—East­ern third of state. C—Central third of state. W—Western third of state. Abies concolor, E, White Fir Euonymus fortunei, CE, Wintercreeper Euonymus kiautschovicus, WCE, Spreading Euony­mus (patens) Hedera helix, CE, English Ivy Juniperus chinensis pfitzeriana, WCE, Pfìtzer Juniper horizontalis, CE, Creeping Juniper sabina, CE, Savin Juniper virginiana, WCE, Redcedar Lonicera japonica, WCE, Japanese Honey­suckle Mahonia aquifolium, CE, Oregongrape Picea abies, E, Norway Spruce glauca, E, White Spruce densata, CE, Black Hills (White Spruce) pungens, CE, Colorado Spruce Pinus mugo mughus, CE, Mugho Pine nigra, WCE, Austrian Pine ponder osa, WC, Ponderosa Pine strobus, E, White Pine sylvestris, CE, Scotch Pine Pseudotsuga taxifolia, CE, Douglas Fir Pyracantha coccinea, CE, Scarlet Firethorn Taxodium distichum, CE, Baldcypress Thuja orientalis, CE, Oriental Arborvitae Viburnum rhytidophyllum, WCE, Leatherleaf Viburnum Vinca minor, WCE, Common Periwinkle* signed: Ray A. Keen, Associate Professor of Horticulture name of organization: Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kans. * For fuller plant lists see "Some Common Ornamental Trees for Kansas," by L. R. Quin-lan, Kansas State University, and "Partial List of Ornamental Plants for Kansas."

KENTUCKY

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? March, April and May—September, October, early November. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? In the spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? June and first 15 days of July. 4. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Until the plants are three to five years old. 5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round. 6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? Arborvitae, Firs, Hemlocks, Junipers, Spruces, and Taxus. signed: N. R. Elliott name of organization: University of Kentucky College of Agriculture

LOUISIANA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? November through February. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ ITY? January and February. Camellias and azaleas should be pruned after blooming. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? January and February.

4. DO YOU ADVISE MLCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Mulching may sometimes be helpful but it isn't essential.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Mulch should be more important during summer and fall. 6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? A belia Azaleas Buxus Callistemon Camellias Cedrus deodara Cherrylaurel Cleyera Gardenia Ilex Jasminum Ligustrum Live Oak Magnolias Nandina Osmanthus Pfitzer's juniper Photinia Pines Pittosporum Podocarþus Pyracantha Redcedar Viburnums signed: W. D. Kimbrough name of organization: Louisiana Agricu- tural Experiment Station, University Station, Baton Rouge 3, La.

MAINE

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? (1) Late April and May. (2) When wet Sep­tember and early October in southern sections of the State. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Corrective pruning generally done in spring before growth starts; restrictive pruning recommended whenever need is apparent. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Same recommendation as above (Question 2). 4. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Mulching is advised, both as a means of moisture conservation and as a means of weed control. 5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year around mulch—usually applied in late fall.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Abies concolor, White Fir Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Lawson False-cypress, and various kinds Juniperus, Juniper, various kinds Picea abies, Norway Spruce glauca, White Spruce—and various kinds Pinus mugo mughus, Mugo Pine nigra, Austrian or Black Pine resinosa, Red Cedar or Norway Pine strobus, Eastern White Pine sylvestris, Scotch or Scots Pine Taxus, Yew—various kinds Tsuga canadensis, Eastern Hemlock Broad-leaved evergreens must be in locations protected from wind: Kalmia latifolia, Mountain Laurel Pieris floribunda, Mountain Pieris Rhododendron carolinianum, Carolina Rhodo­dendron catawbiense, Catawba Rhododendron maximum, Rosebay Rhododendron* signed: A. D. Nutting, Director name of organization: School of Forestry, University of Maine, Orono, Maine. * See Maine Extension Service Bulletin 345 (Revised), Orono, Maine. signed: Edward D.Johnson, State Horti­culturist name of organization: Maine Depart­ment of Agriculture, Augusta, Maine. * For fuller list see Maine Extension Service Bulletin 359 (Revised) June 1956, Augusta, Maine.

MARYLAND

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? We ecommend either fall or spring planting for evergreens in Maryland. Spring plant­ing is preferably for the broad-leaved types. Particularly any of those which would be on the borderline of hardiness. Fall plant­ing should be early enough to permit the plant to become established before cold weather. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Broad-leaved evergreens generally would be pruned early in the spring before new growth. On kinds such as the Evergreen Privet which may grow late in the eason, the pruning off of long vigorous shoots could be done without harm after growth has stopped in late fall. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? These normally are pruned early in the spring before growth.

4. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Mulching is desirable on all evergreens. Particularly newly planted plants. This applies to broad-leaved and narrow-leaved types.
5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? A year- round mulching is desirable on broad-leaved evergreens. It is less essential on narrow-leaved types.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? The species name only is given —but it naturally would include Horti­cultural forms and varieties. Many of these plants would be useful in only the milder sections of the state. Narrowleaf Evergreens: Abies nordmanniana Cedrus deodara Chamaecyparis obtusa Cryptomeria japonica Ilex aquifolium opaca Juniperus chinensis communis horizontalis pfitzeriana sabina Magnolia grandißora virginiana Picea pungens Pinus mugo nigraresinosa strobus Taxus baccata cuspidata Thuja occidentalis Tsuga canadensis Broadleaf Evergreens: Abelia grandiflora A ucuba japonica Azaleas—Kurume hybrids—Glenn Dales —Gables Berberis chenaulti julianae verruculosa Buxus sempervirens Camellia japonica sasanqua Cotoneaster horizontalis salicifolia floccosa Euonymus fortunei japonicus Hedera helix Ilex cornuta crenata glabra pernyi Jasminium nudiflorum Kalmia latifolia Ligustrum lucidum Osmanthus ilicifolius Pachysandra terminalis Pieris japonica Prunus laurocerasus Pyracantha coccinea Rhododendron catawbiense maximum Viburnum rhytidophyllum Vinca minor signed: Conrad B. Link, Professor, Depart­ment of Horticulture name of organization: University of Maryland, College Park, Md.

MASSACHUSETTS

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Early fall is preferred although it is also done in the spring. 2. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Early spring—after danger of winter injury is over.

3. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE
NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Early spring—after danger of winter injury is over.

4. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Yes—always good.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round when we can.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? All trees in my book "Trees for American Gardens" hardy in zones 1-V inc. Shrubs noted on pages 56 and 57 of my book "Shrubs and Vines for American Gardens." signed: Donald Wyman name of organization: Arnold Arboretum, Mass.

MICHIGAN

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Spring: Mar. 15 to May 10—Most people prefer spring planting for most species. Fall: Sept. 10 to Nov. 10. WHEN IS THE BEST IME TO PRUNE ROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­
ITY? In spring before new growth starts. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Pines—when new growth is ad­vanced—June 20 to July 20 Spruces, Firs, Yews, Junipers, Arborvitaes—October to March, while dormant.

4. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING IN YOUR state? Normally no. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? No WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Cedar—Eastern White Firs—Balsam, Concolor, Douglas, Silver Juniper—Eastern Redcedar Pine—Jack, Red, Scotch, White Spruce—Black, Black Hills, Colorado Blue, Norway, White Yew—Japanese* signed: Lester E. Bell name of organization: Forestry Depart­ment, Michigan State University * Following folders available by writing to the Bulletin Office, Michigan State University: Extension Folder F-250 & F-242—Extension Bulletins- 359 Nov. 1958 and 178 and 264.

MINNESOTA

Letter from Dr. Leon C. Snyder, Jan. 13, 1959, states: "The best season for planting evergreens in this state is early in the spring, from about the 15th of April to the middle of May. Some of our commercial nursery­men transplant again in the fall during the month of September and early October. We have never considered fall planting as dependable, however, as spring planting. "Your second question on pruning broad-leaved evergreens does not apply in this area, since we do not grow any broad-leaved evergreens in this area. Our winter climate is too cold and dry for the survival of most broad-leaved evergreens. "In regard to question number three, the best time to prune narrow-leaved ever­greens, this depends on the kind of tree in­volved. For an evergreen which makes its growth early in the season such as the pine or the spruce, the best time to prune is just as the new growth is starting in the spring. For evergreens which grow con­tinuously throughout the season such as the junipers and the arborvitae, the exact time of pruning is not too important. Gen­erally they are pruned in the spring as growth is starting and then again towards fall if this seems necessary. For the health of the tree, it seems to make little difference just when evergreens are pruned, so the time then becomes primarily one of ap­pearance of the plant. "In answer to question number four, there seems to be very little mulching of evergreens done in this state. We generally recommend that evergreens be watered well in the fall before the ground freezes. The natural mulch of the needles of evergreens usually remains underneath the plant." signed: Leon C. Snyder, Head of the Department name of organization: Department of Horticulture, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn. See Extension Bulletin 258, "Ever­greens," by Richard J. Stadtherr, A. C. Hodson, Marvin E. Smith, David W. French, University of Minnesota, Agricul­tural Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Some of the evergreens listed in the above-named Bulletin are as follows: Arborvitae and varieties Fir, various kinds Japanese Yew Juniper, various kinds Pines, various kinds Spruce, various kinds

MISSISSIPPI

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Early spring and late fall. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Mid-winter. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Mid-winter to early spring. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? In certain areas.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year around on such as azalea and camellia.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? A belia Azaleas Camellias Holly group—all forms Ligustrums Pfitzer junipers—most popular all related juniper signed: Henry J. Smith name of organization: Agricultural Ex­tension Service, State College, Miss.

MISSOURI

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? From the middle of August to early fall—at least six weeks before the ground freezes. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Those that produce flower buds previous season—cut immediately after blooming. Those that produce flower buds on new wood—any time during the dor­mant period preferably early spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Usually pruned in the late winter or early spring just before growth starts. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Yes. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? Practically all of these genera: Abelia grandiflora, Bush Arbutus (Glossy Abelia) Berberis julianae, Evergreen Barberry mentorensis Buxus sempewirens, Boxwood Canadian Hemlock Daphne—several varieties Douglas Fir Euonymus Fortuneii vegeta (vegetus), Fortunes Euonymus patens (kiautschovicus), Spreading Euony­mus radicans (E. fortunei radicans) Hedera helix baltica, Bulgarian or Baltic Ivy Ilex crenata rotundifolia, Round Leaf Japa­nese Holly serrata, Missouri Inkberry Juniperus, Juniper Laurocerasus caroliniana, Cherry Laurel Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon-Grape Nandina domestica, Nandina Pachysandra terminalis, Japanese Spurge Picea, Spruce Pier is floribunda, Andromeda Pinus, Pine Pyracantha coccinea lalandi, Firethorn Taxus, Yew Thuja occidentalis, American Arborvitae Viburnum burkwoodi, Virburnum Burkwood

Nebraska

Vinca minor, Myrtle or Periwinkle* signed: Ronald Taven name of organization: Horticulture De­partment, University of Missouri, Co­lumbia, Mo. * See Manual 54, January 1957—"Suggested Plantings for Missouri Homes," by Louise Wood­ruff.

MONTANA

mughus, Mugho Pine nigra austriaca, Austrian Pine (Eastern Montana) ponderosa, Ponderosa Pine (Native) sylvestris, Scotch Pine* signed: Orville W. McCarver name of organization: Extension Service, Montana State College, Bozeman, Mont. * See Bulletin 257, "Trees Native to Montana," also list entitled "Some Hardy Plant Material Suitable for Localities in Eastern Montana," Extension Service, Montana State College.

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Early spring—March and April. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Early spring. Fall pruning should never be done on broad leaves in Montana because of severe winters. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Early spring or fall. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Yes, in winter only.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND mulch or only a summer ulch? Neither; we recommend only winter mulching. Summer mulching causes roots to develop on surface of ground, hence endangering them to frost.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Abies concolor, White Fir (Native) lasiocarpa, Alpine Fir (Native) Juniperus communis, Mountain Common Ju­niper (Eastern Montana) horizontalis, Creeping Juniper (Native) pfitzeriana, Pfitzer Juniper sabina, Savin Juniper scopulorum, Rocky Mountain Juniper (Native) (Eastern Montana) virginiana, Eastern Red cedar (Eastern Montana) Picea canadensis, White Spruce (Native) {P. glaucá) engelmanni, Engelmann Spruce (Native) glauca densata, Black Hills Spruce (East­ern Montana) pungens, Colorado Blue Spruce (Colo­rado Spruce) Pinus flexilis, Flexible Pine (Native) (Lim­ber Pine)

NEBRASKA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Spring—late March to Mid-May. In ad­dition balled and burlapped stock can be successfully planted in the fall—Septem­ber and October. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Early spring before growth begins. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Can be done at any time except during very active growing season. Prob­ably best in spring before growth starts or in August. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Yes, except where it will encourage rodents which might damage the trees.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? If mulching is done it is advisable to main­tain it year-round.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Abies balsamea, Balsam concolor, Concolor Euonymus, various kinds (only in Region 1, southeastern Nebraska) Hedera helix baltica, Baltic Ivy Juniperus, Juniper—various kinds Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon Hollygrape (only in Region 1, southeastern Ne­braska) repens, Creeping Mahonia (only in Re­gion 1, southeastern Nebraska)

Picea, Spruce, various kinds Pinus, Pine, various kinds Pseudotsuga taxifolia, var. glauca, Douglas Fir Taxus, Yew, various kinds. Plant all varie­ties in a location protected from the sun on the south or the west. All have very dark green foliage Thuja occidentalis, Arborvitae orientalis Tsuga canadensis, Hemlock* signed: Karl A. Loerch, Extension For­ester name of organization: University of Ne­braska, Agriculture Extension Service * For fuller information see "Woody Orna­mentals and Their Use," by Victor J. Miller, September 1954, E. C. 54-1200. Extension Serv­ice, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebr.

Scotch Pine Taxus sp. White Fir Southern: Arizona cypress Blue Spruce Eastern Red Cedar Juniperus sp. For southern most species for Arizona and Southern California will grow there signed: George Zappettini, State Forester name of organization: Division of For­estry, University of Nevada, Carson City, Nev.

NEVADA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Spring time (March or April) in northern part. January, February in southern part. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Late fall or during winter time. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Same as No.

2. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Yes, also requires soil treat­ment in areas of alkaline soil.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND mulch or only a summer mulch? Advis­able year round.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR
LOCALITY? Northern: Arborvitae Austrian Pine Blue Spruce Douglas Fir Eastern Red Cedar Holly, American Juniperus sp. Mugho Pine Norway Spruce Red Fir

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? As soon as frost is out—April-May. (Other seasons may be hazardous due to our un­certain winters.)

WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Before or during growth period—not later. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Late June—early July—during growth period. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Yes. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND ULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Yes. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Andromeda polifolia Arborvitae—native and oriental Chamaecyparis—native and oriental Chamaedaphne Douglas Fir Firs—Balsam-White Ilex—crenata-glabra Junipers—chinensis, communis, horizontalis, virginiana, and their various forms Kalmias—angustifolia, latifolia, polifolia Korean Box Ledum Pieris japonica

New Mexico

Pines—Austrian, Cembra, Japanese Black, Mugo, Pitch, Red, White Rhododendrons—catawba and its "iron clad" hybrids and probably many of the newer ones, Brachycarpum, Carolini-anum, Caucasicum, Degronianum, Smir-nowi. Dwarfs—Keiskei, lapponicum, race-mosum (and probably most of the lapponicum series)—maximum Sciadopitys Spruce—Colorado, Norway, Red, White Taxus—canadensis, Japanese and its hybrids and forms Tsuga—canadensis—caroliniana signed: Radcliffe B. Pike name of organization: Department of Horticulture, University of New Hamp­shire, Durham, N. H.

Osmanthus Pines—the usual kinds Rhododendrons Spruces—the usual kinds Yews* signed: Robert B. Clark name of organization: Rutgers, The State University (of New Jersey) * For fuller list of plants see RBC-SC-3-59— Ornamental Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Rutgers University, New Bruns­wick, N. J.

NEW JERSEY

WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Dormant seasons: March-April and October-November. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Dormant season with above freezing temperatures. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Candle stage (Mid-May) for pines, pruces and firs. Others during dormant season.

DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Yes. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Yes—a year-round.

WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Andromeda Barberries Boxwoods with care Canada Hemlock Cryptomeria Lobbi Douglas Fir Firs—the usual kinds Hollies, except southern species Laurel-cherry Leucothoe

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? In the fall or spring in southern part. In the spring in northern portions. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Late winter or early spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Late winter or early spring. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? From Santa Fe northward —mulch after soil is frozen. In southern portions mulch to aid moisture retention in the soil. 5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND mulch or only a summer mulch? Sum­mer mulch is the most important in most areas of the state. Most evergreens in the state grown as ornamentals are not mulched. 6.

WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Evergreens Common to Nearly All Areas of the State: Berberis mentorensis, Mentor Barberry thunbergi atropurpurea, Redleaf Japanese Barberry Juniperus, Juniper—various kinds Mahonia aquifolium, Oregongrape Pinus mugho mughus, Mugho Swiss Moun­tain Pine sylvestris, Scotch Pine Pyracantha coccinea lalandi, Laland Firethorn

Narrowleaf Evergreen Shrubs Found to Be Adapted to Southern New Mexico Conditions: Cedrus libani, Cedar-of-Lebanon Cupressus arizonica, Arizona Cypress macrocarpa, Monterey Cypress sempervirens Pyramidal, Pyramidal Italian Cypress Juniperus sp., Juniper Pinus halepensis, Aleppo Pine Tamarix aphylla, Athel Tamarisk Thuja sp., Arborvitae Broadleaf Evergreens for Southern New Mexico: Berberis mentorensis, Mentor Barberry thunbergi atropurpurea, Redleaf Japanese Barberry Buxus sempervirens, Common Box Cotoneaster—various kinds Elaeagnus pungens simoni Fruitland, Fruit-land Simon Thorny Elaeagnus Euonymusfortunei radicans, Common Winter-creeper Euonymus japonica and varieties, Japanese Euony­mus Genista hispanica, Spanish Woadwaxen Leucophyllum frutescens, Texas Silverleaf Ligustrum indicum, India Privet japonicum, Japanese Privet lucidum, Glossy Privet sinense, Chinese Privet Mahonia aquifolium, Oregongrape Nandina domestica, Nandina Photinia arbutifolia, Christmasberry serrulata, Chinese Photinia Pittosporum tobira, Tobira Pittosporum Pyracantha, Firethorn—various kinds Sambucus mexicana, Mexican Elder Santolina chamaecyparissus, Cypress Laven-dercotton Evergreens Particularly Adapted to Northern Half of New Mexico and Higher Elevations: Abies concolor, White Fir and other species Juniperus utahensis, Utah Juniper Picea engelmanni, Engelmann Spruce pungens glauca, Colorado Blue Spruce Pinus cembroides edulis, Colorado Pinyon Pine nigra, Austrian Pine ponderosa, Ponderosa Pine sylvestris, Scotch Pine

Thuja onentalis and varieties signed: Dr. Ernest R.Jensen name of organization: Horticulture De­partment, New Mexico State University, State College, N. Mex.

NEW YORK

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Usually spring but modern procedures with container grown plants make year round planting a reality in many areas. In fact climatic features of extreme cold— frozen ground and the like—are the main hold ups. In practice winter planting is restricted. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Pruning can be done any time—but —depends on the purpose of the pruning— hedge, specimen, etc. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Same as above. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? A mulch may be simulated by overhead protection of trees—Rhodo­dendrons etc. in wooded area, ground covers are often more satisfactory mulch than straw etc. that blows about and forms much growth—shallow-rooted evergreens usually grow well if soil moisture and tem­perature are uniform. It takes material of good insulating quality to be a good mulch. ½" of peat or sawdust is not enough.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? It is ex- pensive to use temporary mulches. Earth­worms dispose of most organic mulches in rather short order anyway.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? Native evergreens include— Arbutus Arctostaphylos Canada Yew Hemlock Kalmia angustifolia latifolia Rhododendron maximum White Pine Many exotic evergreens survive; see Slamis report on Evergreens in Rochester Parks in Royal Horticultural Society 30 years ago. Also Arnold Arboretum lists via Donald Wyman. signed: A. M. S. Pridham, Professor name of organization: Cornell Univer­sity, Ithaca, N. Y. Books suggested by Dr. Pridham are, "Background to Gardening," by W. O. James, Pitman Publishing Co., N. Y. C.— Montague Free books, Henry T. Skinner, book, National Arboretum, books by Donald Wyman, Arnold Arboretum. For pest and disease control consult Dr. Cynthia Westcott, 96 Essex Ave., Glen Ridge, N. J. or her books on "Garden Bug Book," etc.

NORTH CAROLINA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Early fall and late spring. Broadleaved and narrowleaved evergreens are com­monly planted from early fall until late spring, when balled and burlapped, in the eastern half of the state. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Early spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED VERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Early spring. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Yes. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round. This practice is followed for eco­nomic reasons. Theoretically it would be better especially for the eastern half of the state to remove the mulch in early fall and replace it at the beginning of the summer.

6.WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Evergreen Trees: Buxus sempervirens arborescens (True tree box) to 15' Cedrus atlantica (Atlas cedar) to 50' deodar a (Deodar) to 50' Chamaecypans lawsoniana (Lawson cypress) to 15' pisifera plumosa (Plume retinospora) to 20' Cryptomeria japonica sinensis (Lobb crypto- meria) to 40' Cunninghamia lanceolata (Common china fir) to 80' Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress) to 40' sempervirens stricta (Columnar Italian cypress) to 30' Gordonia lasianthus (Loblolly bay gordonia) to 30' Ilex opaca (American holly) to 40' Juniperus chinensis (Pyramid Chinese juni­per) to 40' neaboriensis (Conical Chinese juniper) to 40' virginiana (Eastern red cedar) to 60' canaerti (Canaert Eastern red cedar) to 20' Libocedrus decurrens (California incense cedar) to 100' Magnolia grandiflora (Southern magnolia) to 100' virginiana (Sweetbay magnolia) to 20' Picea abies (Norway spruce) to 100' (West­ern half of North Carolina) mariana (Black spruce) to 20' (Western half of North Carolina) pungens glauca (Colorado blue spruce) to 20' (Western half of North Carolina) Pinus echinata (Shortleaf pine) to 100' nigra (Austrian pine) to 40' palustris (Long leaf pine) to 100' rigida (Pitch pine) to 60' strobus (Eastern white pine) to 100' taeda (Loblolly pine) to 100' virginiana (Virginia pine) to 40' Prunus caroliniana (Carolina laurel cherry) to 20' Quercus virginiana (Live oak) to 50' (Eastern half of North Carolina) Taxus baccata (English yew) to 60' cuspidata (Japanese yew) to 40' Thuja occidentalis (Eastern arborvitae) to 40' Tsuga canadensis (Canada hemlock) to 80' caroliniana (Carolina hemlock) to 60' Evergreen Shrubs: Aucuba japonica (Japanese Aucuba) Berberisjulianae (Wintergreen barberry) wilsonae (Wilson barberry) Buxus sempervirens (Common box) pyramidata (Pyramidal box) to 12' suffruticosa (True dwarf box) to 8' Camellia japonica (Common camellia) to 15' (Eastern half of North Carolina) sasanqua (Eastern Half of North Carolina) Chamaecyparis pisifera filifera (Thread retinospora) to 10' Cleyera japonica (Cleyera) to 8' Cotoneaster conspicua (Wintergreen coton- easter) to 8' simonsii (Simons cotoneaster) to 10' Elaeagnus pungens reflexa (Thorny elaeagnus) to 15' simoni (Simon thorny elaeagnus) to 10' Euonymus fortunei (Wintercreeper) vine to 20' kiautschovicus (spreading euonymus) to 10' vegetus (Bigleaf wintercreeper) to 5' Gardenia fortuniana veitchi (Fortunes cape jasmine) to 6' (Eastern half of North Carolina) jasminoides (Cape jasmine) to 6' (Eastern half of North Carolina) Gelsemium sempervirens (Carolina jessamine) vine to 20' Hedera helix (English ivy) to 40' Hypericum moserianum (Gold flower) to 18" Ilex cassine (Dahoon) to 20' myrtifolia (Myrtle dahoon) to 5' cornuta (Chinese holly) to 10' burfordi (Burford Chinese holly) to 5' crenata (Japanese holly) to 15' convexa (Convex leaf Japanese holly) to 6' helleri rotundifolia glabra (Inkberry) to 8' integra to 20' pernyi (Perny holly) to 20' veitchi (Veitch holly) to 20' vomitoria (Yaupon) to 20' Juniperus chinensis pfitzeriana (Pfitzer juniper) to 4' japonica communis hibernica (Irish juniper) to 15' horizontalis (Creeping juniper—prostrate) tol' plumosa sabina (Savin juniper) to 3' Kalmia angustifolia (Lambkill) to 6' latifolia (Mountain laurel kalmia) to 15' Leucothoe catesbaei (Drooping leucothoe) to6r Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese privet) to 10' lucidum (Glossy privet—large leaf) to 20' Lonicera nitida (Box honeysuckle) to 6' pileata (Privet honeysuckle) to 1' Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape) to 3' bealei (Leatherleaf mahonia) to 10' Nandina domestica (Nandina) to 6' Osmanthus fortunei (Fortunes osmanthus) to 20' fragrans (Sweet osmanthus) to 10' ilicifolius (Holly osmanthus) to 20' Photinia glabra (Japanese photinia) to 6' serrulata (Chinese photinia) to 20' Rhododendron carolinianum catawbiense maximum obtusum simsii signed: Glenn O. Randall name of Organization: North Carolina State College, Raleigh, N. C. Note: The plants listed above include those that are most nearly adapted to cul­ture throughout the state not including the highest altitudes. There are a few ever­greens such as Camellia japonica, Camellia sasanqua, Gardenia fortuniana and Gardenia jasminoides and other more tender types that are an exception, these prefer the milder temperatures.

NORTH DAKOTA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? First: April-May; second: Late August-early September. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Broad-leaved evergreens are not grown. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Spruce and Pines—late May and June. Junipers—late June and July.

4. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? No, snow cover is most frequently adequate.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Seldom if ever any.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Juniperus chinensis pfitzeriana communis depressa horizontalis sabina scopulorum and clones virginiana and clones Larix decidua laricina siberica Picea glauca densata pungens Pinus banksiana flexilis mugo compacta nigra ponderosa scopulorum sylvestris Thuja occidentalis pyramidalis wareana woodwardi* signed: Donald G. Hoag name of organization: Department of Horticulture, North Dakota Agricultural College, Fargo, N. Dak. * See NDAC Extension Service (Fargo) Cir­cular A-285.

OHIO

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Fall —spring is late, wet and when soils are heavy spring planting is very difficult. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? I believe all evergreens should bepruned in late June-early July. However if some material is wanted for winter ar­rangements indoors, I see no objection to
pruning in winter. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Same as answer j‡2. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? A good idea anywhere since some summers and autumns are very dry. Also, since mulching improves soil conditions, it is also beneficial in wet sea­sons. Good weed control—Watch for N2 deficiency with some M.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Try to, but mulches break down rapidly so new application has to be made each year. Even pine needles do not last as long as expected.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? Arborvitae, Black Pine, False-cypress, Red Pine, Scots Pine, Yews. Juni­pers subject to juniper scale, red spider mites. Border line for ericacious broad-leaf evergreens is about half-way across state where limestone outcropping appears. signed: Carlton B. Lees name of organization: Kingwood Center, Mansfield, Ohio The following is a note from Dr. Lees: "I do not think this should represent Ohio. The state is too large and has a very wide range of cultural and climatic conditions. Mahonia, for example, does very poorly in the Mansfield area. In Dayton it grows extremely well and fruits prolifically. On the O. S. U. campus in Columbia is a group of evergreen Magnolias—they'd never do here, 75 miles N. E. For a state wide report I suggest you write to Prof. Victor H. Ries, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio." Prof. Ries' reply is as follows:

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Fall or Spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? June for most, yews when needed. 4. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Not necessary, but is ad­visable on broadleaf especially rhododen­drons.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? On rhododendrons only a year around. But seldom remove any mulch once it is put on.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? Inserted later. signed: Victor H. Ries, Professor Emeritus name of organization: The Ohio State University, Department of the list of evergreens which follows has been compiled by the author from "Se­lected Ornamental Narrowleaf Ever­greens," received from Professor Ries: Dwarf Types 1-4 feet: Juniperus chinensis 'Armstrong'—Armstrong Chinese Juniper Taxus baccata repandens—Spreading English Yew media 'Chadwick'—Chadwick Anglojap Yew 'wardi'—Ward Anglojap Yew Thuja occidentalis 'Woodwardi' Small Types 4-6 Feet: Juniperus chinensis 'Hetzi—Hetz Chinese Juniper Taxus media 'Brownï—Brown Anglojap Yew 'Sebian'—Sebian Anglojap Yew 'Vermeulen'—Vermeulen Anglojap Yew Thuja occidentalis 'Rosenthalï—Rosenthal Eastern Arborvitae Medium Types 6-10 Feet: Taxus cuspidata 'Thayeri'—Thayer Anglojap Yew media 'Hatfieldi'—Hatfìeld Anglojap Yew 'Hicksï—Hicks Anglojap Yew 'Stoveken'—Stoveken Anglojap Yew Thuja occidentalis 'Nigra'—Darkgreen East­ern Arborvitae plicata 'Atrovirens'—Darkgreen Giant Arborvitae Large Types 10-25 Feet: Juniperus chinensis 'Keteleeri'—Keteleer Chi­nese Juniper virginiana 'Canaertï—Canaert Eastern Redcedar Taxus cuspidata capitata—Upright Japanese Yew Thuja occidentalis 'Douglasi Pyramidalis'— Pyramidal Eastern Arborvitae plicata —Giant Arborvitae Tree Types, 25 Feet and Over: Abies concolor, White Fir nordmanniana, Nordmann Fir veitchi, Veitch Fir Piecea abies, Norway Spruce orientalis, Oriental Spruce pungens 'Moerheimi/ Moerheim Colorado Spruce Pinus bungeana, Lacebark Pine cembra, Swiss Stone Pine koraiensis, Korean Pine nigra, Austrian Pine strobus, Eastern White Pine sylvestris, Scotch Pine Pseudotsuga taxifolia, Common Douglasfir Tsuga canadensis, Canada Hemlock* * For fuller information see "Selected Orna­mental Narrowleaf Evergreens," by K. W. Reisch and L. C. Chadwick, Department of Horticulture, The Ohio State University.

OKLAHOMA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? October through April. Year-round from container grown. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Early spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Early summer. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Broadleaf only.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Azalea (Kurume) Biota {Thuja) {orientalis) and variety Camellia sasanqua Cedrus atlantica deodara Elaeagnus simoni (E. pungens simoni) Euonymus japonicus and variety Ilex cornuta and variety crenata and variety opaca and variety Jasminum floridum Juniperus chinensis and variety virginiana and variety Ligustrum and variety Magnolia grandißora Mahonia bealei Nandina domestica Photinia serrulata Pinus nigra strobus sylvestris Pyracantha coccinea signed: Harold R. Nickel name of organization: Greenleaf Nursery Co., Muskogee, Okla.

OREGON

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Fall and winter—generally from October thru February. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? As a general rule, right after blooming period but usually not between Sep­tember and February. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Late fall and during the winter before sap starts to rise. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Advisable to some extent, especially for broadleaf evergreens. 5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round mulch.
 
6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Azaleas Camellias Cedars Cupressus Firs Hemlocks Hollies Pines Rhododendrons Spruces Yews signed: Ernest E. Fischer name of organization: Hoyt Arboretum, Portland, Oreg.

PENNSYLVANIA

Southeastern Portion of State:

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Early fall if mulched well after planting— or early spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Flowering broad-leaved evergreens after flower—others early spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Early spring. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Yes. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Yes, year round. 6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? Almost all listed for this zone of hardiness, and some considered hardy only in zone 7—it depends of course on the clone, exposure, etc. signed: Mary O. Milton name of organization: Morris Arboretum, University of Pennsylvania, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Report from The Pennsylvania State University:

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? The best seasons for planting evergreens in Pennsylvania are from April 1 until May 15 and from September 1 to October 15. However the season can be extended both in the spring and fall. Successful planting has been done all summer provided the plants are moved with a ball of earth and watered thoroughly after planting. 2. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? The best time to prune broad-leaved evergreens in our locality depends some­ what on the species. In general the spring, just before growth begins, would be recommended. With flowering plants such as Rhododendrons, however, pruning before flowering would decrease the flower crop. In such cases, pruning should be done im­mediately after flowering.WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? The best time to prune narrowleaved evergreens in our locality is in the spring just before growth begins except with Pines, where pruning should be at the time the new growth has reached the desired length. This would be when the new growth is soft and succulent and be­
fore the needles have formed. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Yes, mulching evergreens would be desirable, both from keeping the soil cool and more uniform in moisture holding capacity and also improving the tilth of the soil. A mulch of two or three inches is very good.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? A year round mulch would be better than only a summer mulch. However, a summer mulch is better than none.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Evergreens Doing Best in Our Locality: Narrow-Leaved Evergreens: Abies cephalonica—Greek Fir concolor—White Fir nordmanianna—Nordmann Fir Juniperus chinensis—various kinds horizontalis plumosa—Andorra Juniper virginiana glauca—Silver Red Cedar pyramidiformis—Hill Dundee Juniper (Purple Pyramid Juniper) Picea abies—Norway Spruce orientalis—Oriental Spruce pungens argentea—Kosters Blue Spruce (Colorado Silver Spruce) Pinus, Pine—various kinds Pseudotsuga taxifolia glauca—Blue Douglas Fir Taxus—Yew—various kinds Tsuga canadensis—Canada Hemlock Broad-Leaved Evergreens: Azalea—selected varieties Berberis julianae—Wintergreen Barberry triacanthophora—Three Spine Barberry Euonymus fortunei vegetus—Bigleaf Winter-creeper Euonymus kiautschovicus—Spreading Euonymus

Ilex crenata—Japanese Holly—various kinds opaca—American Holly—plus selected varieties Kalmia latifolia—Mountain Laurel Pachysandra terminalis—Pachysandra Pieris japonica —Japanese Pieris Pyracantha coccinea lalandi—Laland Fire-thorn Rhododendron—various kinds Vinca minor Bowles—Bowles Vinca signed: Robert P. Meahl name of organization: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa.

RHODE ISLAND

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Spring or early fall. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? During or immediately after flowering. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Any time for pruning. Just before or during active growth for shearing. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Yes. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year- round.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? All within hardiness limits— considerable variation in locations along shore and few miles inland as shown by hardiness maps—very similar to your area in spots and the rest of Pa. for the remainder. signed: J. W. Caddick name of organization: Department of Horticulture, University of Rhode Island.

SOUTH CAROLINA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Win­ter months.

WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Normally early spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Early spring. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Generally mulching is beneficial and is recommended.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year round. (Light.)

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Azalea macrantha, Macrantha Azalea obtusum, Kurume Azalea Buxus harlandi, Harland Boxwood sempervirens suffruticosa, Dwarf (Old Eng­lish) Boxwood Gardenia radicans, Dwarf Gardenia Ilex crenata convexa, Convexa Holly hellen, Heller Holly Juniperus chinensis sargenti, Sargent Juniper horizontalis plumosa, Andorra Juniper Medium-Growing Shrubs— Evergreen: Abelia grandißora, Glossy Abelia Aucuba japonica, Japanese Aucuba variegata, Gold-dust tree Buxus microphylla japonica, Japanese Box­wood sempervirens, American Box Euonymus kiautschovicus, Patens Euonymus Gardenia jasminoides, Cape Jasmine Ilex crenata rotundifolia, Japanese Holly Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon Holly-grape Nandina domestica, Nandina, Heavenly Bamboo Prunus laurocerasus schipkaensis, Schipka Laurel Raphiolepis umbellata, Yeddo Hawthorne Tall-Growing Shrubs—Evergreen: Azalea cíindica,}} Indian Azalea Camellia japonica, Camellia sasanqua, Sasanqua Camellia C ley era japonica, Cleyera Elaeagnus pungens, Thorny Elaeagnus Feijoa sellowiana, Pineapple Guava Ilex vomitoria, Yaupon Ligustrum japonicum, Tall Ligustrum lucidum, Wax-leaf Privet Mahonia bealei, Leatherleaf Mahonia

Myrica cerifera, Waxmyrtle Nerium oleander, Oleander Osmanthus fortunei, Holly leaf Tea Olive fragrans, Tea Olive ilicifolius {aquifolium), Holly Osmanthus Photinia glabra, Red Photinia Pittosporum tobira, Pittosporum Small Trees: Cryptomeria japonica, Cryptomeria Cunninghamia lanceolata, Chinese Fir Eriobotrya japonica, Loquat Ilex opaca, American Holly Prunus caroliniana, Cherrylaurel Large Trees—Evergreen: Cedrus deodara, Deodar Cedar Juniperus virginiana, Red Cedar Magnolia grandißora, Southern Magnolia Pinus strobus, White Pine Quercus virginiana, Live Oak Tsuga canadensis, Canadian Hemlock* signed: Extension Horticulturist name of organization: Clemson Agricul­tural College, Clemson, S.C. * For fuller lists see Circular 430 and mimeo­graphed lists, obtainable from Clemson Agricul­tural College.

SOUTH DAKOTA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Best season is spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? At the present time there are no broad-leaved evergreens being recom­mended for use in South Dakota. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Spring is considered to be the best time for narrow-leaved evergreen pruning. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? No recommendations for mulching evergreens are being made at this time.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? See answer to

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Abies concolor Juniperus chinensis communis sabina scopulorum virginiana Picea glauca densata pungens Pinus mugo nigra ponderosa sylvestris Pseudotsuga menziesii (taxifolia) Thuja occidentalis signed: W. G. Macks am name of organization: Horticulture De­partment, South Dakota State College, Brookings, S. Dak.

TENNESSEE

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Fall, following leaf drop on deciduous trees, and February and early March. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Just before the spring growing season opens. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCALITY? Any time during the dormant season. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? No.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Under certain special conditions mulching may be desirable. Both year-round and summer mulches are used in special cases.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? A belia grandiflora Azalea numerous varieties Berberis Buxus Camellia sasanqua Elaeagnus Euonymus americanus europaeus Ilex aquifolium cornuta crenata opaca vomitoria and varieties of the above Kalmia Ligustrum japonicum lucidum Lonicera Magnolia grandiflora Mahonia aquifolium pinnata Osmanthus americanus ilicifolius Prunus laurocerasus Pyracantha coccinea lalandi (P. coccinea lalandi) Rhododendron catawbiense and varieties Viburnum Narrow-Leaved Evergreens: Cedrus (2 species) algeriensis and deodar a Hedera helix Juniperus virginiana (spreading, columnar and pyramidal types) Pinus caribaea echinata resinosa strobus taeda Taxus (at higher elevations and in eastern part of state) Thuja occidentalis orientalis Tsuga (at higher elevations) in particular Tsuga canadensis and caroliniana Vine a minor signed: Department of Horticulture name of organization : University of Ten­nessee, Knoxville 16, Tenn. TEXAS 1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? From September 15 to May 1 for balled and burlapped stock. Entire year for container grown stock.

2. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE Utah

BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? From March 15 to August 1 depend­ing upon location in state. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? From March 15 to August 1 de­pending upon location in state. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Yes. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Both. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Abelia grandißora, Glossy Abelia Acacia decurrens dealbata, Silvergreen-wattle Acacia Berberis julianae, Wintergreen Barberry Buxus, Box—various kinds Camellia japonica, Common Camellia sasanqua, Sasanqua Camellia Cedrus atlantica, Atlas Cedar deodara, Deodar Cedar libani, Cedar-of-Lebanon Choisya ternata, Ternate Mexicanorange Cinnamomum camphora, Camphortree Cotonea'ster, Cotoneaster—various kinds Cupressus arizonica, Arizona Cypress sempervirens, Italian Cypress, Pyramidal, Pyramidal Italian Cypress Elaeagnus pungens and varieties, Thorny Elaeagnus Euonymus japonicus, Evergreen Euonymus— and various kinds Fatsia japonica, Japan Fatsia Feijoa sellowiana, Feijoa Gardenia jasminoides fortuniana, Fortunes Gardenia radicans, Dwarf Gardenia stricta nana, Intermediate Gardenia Ilex, Holly—various kinds Illicium anisatum, Japanese Anisetree Juniperus, Juniper—various kinds Laurus nobilis, Grecian Laurel Ligustrum japonicum, Japanese Privet lucidum, Glossy Privet Lonicera pileata, Privet Honeysuckle Magnolia grandiflora, Southern Magnolia Mahonia bealei, Leatherleaf Mahonia Michelia fuscata, Bananashrub Myrtus communis, True Myrtle Nandina domestica, Nandina Nerium oleander, Common Oleander Photinia serrulata, Chinese Photinia—and others Pinus, Pine—various kinds Pittosporum tobira, Tobira Pittosporum Podocarpus macrophyllus, Yew Podocarpus Prunus caroliniana, Carolina Laurelcherry laurocerasus, Common Laurelcherry—and others Quercus virginiana, Live Oak Raphiolepis indica, India Raphiolepis umbellata ovata, Roundleaf Yeddo Raphi­olepis Rhododendron indicum, Indica Azalea obtusum japonicum, Kurume Azalea Rosmarinus qfficinalis, Rosemary Thuja orientalis and varieties, Oriental Arborvitae Viburnum, Viburnum—various kinds Vinca major, Bigleaf Periwinkle variegata, Mottled Bigleaf Periwinkle minor Bowles, Bowles Common Peri­winkle Yucca filamentosa, Adamsneedle* signed: A. F. DeWerth name of organization: Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architec­ture, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Tex. *For fuller plant lists see Bulletin MP-139, Texas Agricultural Station.

UTAH

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? April. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? April, summer. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? April, August. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? YeS. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? YeS. It is not practiced in general but I believe in it. 6. WHICH

EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Abies balsamea, concolor, nordmanianna, etc. Barberries evergreen (shade) Boxwood Creeping Mahonia Daphnes Euonymus japonicus patens (kiautschovicus) radicans vegetus (fortunei radicans vegetus) Junipers Larch, European Oregon-grape Pachistima Pines, Austrian, mughus, Ponderosa, strobus, etc. Pyracantha Spruces: Colorado blue, Engelmann, Koster, Norway etc. Taxus (more in shady areas) Vinca signed: Otto Riethmann name of organization: Instructor in Floriculture, U.S.A., Agricultural Ex­periment Station, Logan, Utah.

VERMONT

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Usually late spring or late summer. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ ITY? After March 15. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Around June 15. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Yes. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year round advisable.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? Abies concolor, White Fir homolepis, Nikko Fir Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Bearberry Azaleas, Rhododendron species: R. canadense, Rhodora nudiflorum, Pinxterbloom roseum, Roseshell Azalea viscosum, Swamp Azalea

Chamaecyparis pisifera, Sawara False-Cypress minima squarrosa Juniperus, Juniper—various kinds Kalmia latifolia, Mountain Laurel Picea abies (formerly excelsa), Norway Spruce engelmanni, Engelmann Spruce omorika, Serbian Spruce pungens, Colorado Spruce Pieris ßoribunda, Mountain Andromeda Pinus species, Pine mugo mughus, Mugo Pine nigra, Austrian Pine resinosa, Red or Norway Pine strobus, White Pine Pseudotsuga taxifolia, Douglas Fir Rhododendron, Rhododendron catawbiense, Catawba Rhododendron maximum, Rosebay Rhododendron Taxus cuspidata, Japanese Yew capitata nana Thuja occidentalis, American Arborvitae Tsuga canadensis, Common Hemlock Vinca minor, Myrtle or Periwinkle* Signed: C. H. Blasberg name of organization: Department of Horticulture, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. * See Brieflet 879, PR 552, Vermont Agricul­tural Extension Service, Burlington, Vt.

VIRGINIA

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Spring and fall for "B" and "B" material. Canned material is now being planted in the summer. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? Light pruning—Any time during the year. Heavy pruning—In early spring. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LO­CALITY? Light pruning—Any time during the year. Heavy pruning—In early spring. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? Yes. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? ReCOm- mend year-round mulch.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR locality? Because of its favorable climate and soil, Virginia is a natural growing ground for practically every kind and type of ornamental plant and fruit, nut and shade tree for both northern and southern landscapes. The state is large and the climatic conditions vary. Certain plants will grow in the Tidewater area of Virginia and will not survive in the mountain areas of the state. Likewise, certain plants will do well in the Blue Ridge area of Virginia and will not do well in the Tidewater area. The following are some of the evergreens that do well in Virginia: A belia grandiflora, Glossy Abelia Berberis julianae, Wintergreen Barberry Buxus sempervirens, Boxwood suffruticosa (B. sempervirens suffruticosa), Dwarf English Boxwood Cedrus deodara, Deodar Cedar Chamaecyparis pisifera plumosa aurea, Gold-plume Cypress squarrosa veitchii, Graymoss Cypress Cotoneaster divaricata, Spreading Cotoneaster Cunninghamia lanceolata glauca, Blue Com­mon Cunninghamia (burns badly when planted away from the Tide­water area) Gardenia ßorida (G. jasminoides), Gardenia (only in Tidewater area) Ilex cornuta burfordi, Burford Holly crenata convexa, Convex-leaf Holly rotundifolia, Round-leaf Holly opaca, American Holly Juniperus chinensis pfitzßriana, Pfitzer Juniper Kalmia latifolia, Mountain Laurel Ligustrum japonicum, Japanese Privet lucidum, Glossy Privet Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon Holly Grape Nandina domestica, Heavenly Bamboo Osmanthus ilicifolius, Osmanthus Photinia serrulata, Chinese Photinia Picea excelsa (P. abies), Norway Spruce Pinus mugo mughus, Mugho Swiss Mountain Pine strobus, Eastern White Pine Prunus laurocerasus officinalis, Common Laurelcherry Pyracantha coccinea lalandi, Laland Firethorn Rhododendron catawbiense, Catawba Rhodo­dendron (in the mountain areas)

Taxus cuspidata, Japanese Yew media hicksi, Hick's Yew repandens, Spreading Yew Thuja occidentalism Eastern Arborvitae globosa, Tom Thumb Arborvitae pyramidalis, Pyramidal Eastern Arbor­vitae orientalis, Oriental or Chinese Arborvitae aurea nana, Berkmanns Arborvitae (The general trend, however, in Virginia in recent years is away from the arborvi-taes. Greater use is being made of the Broadleaf evergreens.) Tsuga canadensis, Canadian Hemlock (used extensively except in the Tidewater area) Viburnum rhytidophyllum, Evergreen Vil- burnum signed: Albert S. Beecher, Associate Horticulturist name of organization: Virginia Poly­technic Institute and the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating, Blacksburg, Va. For a fuller list of plants communicate with the Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Va. For a list of nurserymen in Virginia communicate with C. R. Willey, Director of State Entomologists, Division of Plant Industry, 1112 State Office Building, Richmond 19, Va.

WASHINGTON (Western)

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? (a) Late October to mid-December, (b) Feb­ruary to March. 2. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR LOCAL­ITY? (a) After flowering (May to early July), (b) October to March. 3. WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PRUNE NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN YOUR locality? Conifers can be pruned from July onwards until March except during severe winter weather. (Usually January.)

4. DO YOU ADVISE MULCHING EVERGREENS in your state? Yes, to maintain humus in soil.

5. DO YOU MAINTAIN A YEAR-ROUND MULCH OR ONLY A SUMMER MULCH? Year round if possible. Partially decayed leaves, compost, wood shavings, or peat recom­mended.

6. WHICH EVERGREENS DO BEST IN YOUR LOCALITY? (a) Broadleaved Evergreens: Arbutus, Madrone Arctostaphylos columbiana, Hairy Manzanita manzanita, Common Manzanita Berberis darwini, Darwin Barberry stenophylla, Rosemary Barberry triacanthophora, Threespine Barberry Camellia, Camellia Choisya ternata, Mexican Orange (not re­liably hardy) Cistus, Rockspray Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster Daphne odora, Winter Daphne Elaeagnus pungens, Thorny Elaeagnus Gaultheria shallon, Salal Hedera helix, Ivy Ilex, Holly—various kinds Ligustrum japonicum, Japanese Privet Magnolia grandiflora, Southern Magnolia (not reliably hardy) Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon Grape Osmanthus ilicifolius, Holly Osmanthus Photinia serrulata, Chinese Photinia (not re­liably hardy) Pieris japonica, Japanese Pieris Prunus laurocerasus, Cherry Laurel Pyracantha coccinea lalandi, Laland Firethorn Rhododendron, Rhododendron Sarcococca confusa, Sweet Box Skimmia reevesiana, Reeves Skimmia Umbellularia californica, California Laurel Vaccinium ovatum, Evergreen Huckleberry Viburnum davidi, David Viburnum ódoratissimum, Sweet Viburnum (b) Conifers—Almost all kinds in­cluding MANY SPECIES OF! Abies, Fir Chamaecyparis Cupressus Juniperus, Juniper Picea, Spruce Pinus, Pine Sequoia Taxus, Yew Thuja

Tsuga, Hemlock signed: B. C. Mulligan name of organization: University of Washington Arboretum, Seattle 5, Wash.

WASHINGTON (Eastern)

1. WHICH ARE THE BEST SEASONS FOR PLANTING EVERGREENS IN YOUR STATE? We have found that the best planting season for nearly all plant materials including evergreens is from March 15 to May 1. These dates, of course, vary according to the spring weather conditions. As we often have frost in the ground until the first of April in the eastern part of the state, suc­cessful planting of evergreens has been done in the fall particularly in the month of September. The most important con­sideration in fall plan